签到天数: 1 天 连续签到: 1 天 [LV.1]初来乍到
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<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font color=#800000 size=7>的师道文化</font></span></b></p><span><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18.4pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #6f350d"> 公历<span lang=EN-US>9</span>月<span lang=EN-US>10</span>日,我国的教师节。</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18.4pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #6f350d"> <span lang=EN-US>1985</span>年立节自今,幽幽<span lang=EN-US>23</span>年,<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><strong>老师们辛苦了。</strong></span></span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18.4pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #6f350d"> 要论中国尊师重教的传统,岂止<span lang=EN-US>23</span>年。自周朝起,我国早已释奠先师,怎能轻易抹煞几千年尊师重道历史;而真正用这<span lang=EN-US>“</span>教师节<span lang=EN-US>”</span>的名字,还得,<span lang=EN-US>“</span>话说,在那民国年间<span lang=EN-US>……” </span></span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size=3><span style="COLOR: #6f350d; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> 还在</span><span lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #6f350d; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1931</font></span><span style="COLOR: #6f350d; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年,就有教育界知名教授邰爽秋、程其保等联络京、沪教育界人士,拟定每年</span><span lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #6f350d; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="COLOR: #6f350d; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</span><span lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #6f350d; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="COLOR: #6f350d; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日为教师节,并发表《教师节宣言》,提出改善教师待遇、保障教师工作、增进教师修养3项目标。然而,这个教师节没有被当时的国民党政府承认,但在全国各地产生了一定影响。其后,在</span><span lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #6f350d; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1935</font></span><span style="COLOR: #6f350d; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年,国民党政府决定立孔子诞辰日</span><span lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #6f350d; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">8</font></span><span style="COLOR: #6f350d; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</span><span lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #6f350d; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">27</font></span><span style="COLOR: #6f350d; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日为教师节,并颁发了《教师节纪念暂行办法》,由国家来支持教师节的确立了,但是当时却没有能够在全国推行开来。在新中国成立以后,教师节也经历过时间上的变动,从</span><span lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #6f350d; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1951</font></span><span style="COLOR: #6f350d; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年的</span><span lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #6f350d; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="COLOR: #6f350d; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</span><span lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #6f350d; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="COLOR: #6f350d; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日最终确定为现在的</span><span lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #6f350d; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">9</font></span><span style="COLOR: #6f350d; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</span><span lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #6f350d; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="COLOR: #6f350d; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日。从新生入学伊始,即注重尊师重教活动。</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" align=center><font size=3><span style="COLOR: #6f350d; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></span><span lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #6f350d; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p><img onload=javascript:resizepic(this) alt="" src="http://bbs.mzsky.cc/data/attachment/forum/old/200709141189735932890.jpg" onload=javascript:resizepic(this) border=0 /></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18.4pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #6f350d"> 这是对我国千年尊师传统的继承。</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18.4pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #6f350d"> 早在周朝的时候,学校每年就会按四季释奠先师,表示尊师重道之意。不过当时<strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">所谓的先师,并不是指特定的某一个人或某些人。</span></strong>后来由于孔子生前非常注重教育,在春秋变局中,力学济世,更因其<span lang=EN-US>“</span><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">有教无类,因材施教</span></strong><span lang=EN-US>”</span>成为万世师表的典型,所以释奠的对象逐渐以孔子为主。到了隋朝,孔子被专称为<span lang=EN-US>“</span>先师<span lang=EN-US>”</span>以后,释奠便成为祭孔典礼的专属名称。释、奠都有陈设、呈献的意思,指的是在祭典中,陈设音乐、舞蹈,并且呈献牲、酒等祭品,对孔子表示崇敬之意。在现在的祭孔大典上,其程序与内容分别为:鸣奏炮、乐舞生就位、祭官就位、启扉、迎神、进馔、行释典礼、跳八佾舞、奏雅乐、读疏文、彻馔、送神、望燎、合扉、彻班、礼成、鸣炮。 </span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18.4pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #6f350d"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #6f350d; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> 古乐庄严,仪式肃穆。</span></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18.4pt" align=center><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #6f350d"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #6f350d; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><img onload=javascript:resizepic(this) alt="" src="http://bbs.mzsky.cc/data/attachment/forum/old/200709141189736045312.jpg" onload=javascript:resizepic(this) border=0 /></span></span></p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #6f350d"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #6f350d; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18.4pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #6f350d"> 汉一脉,数千年的仪式延续。而中国之大,从漠北至南国,从西域到东海之滨<span lang=EN-US>,</span>并非只有汉族才有拜师的礼节、尊师重教的传统,各个民族都各有各的师道,各个民族也都在用自己的语言亲切的称呼着<span lang=EN-US>“</span>老师<span lang=EN-US>”</span>?</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18.4pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #6f350d"> 他们除了尊师重教的传统,又都有关于教师的怎样的礼节?</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18.4pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #6f350d"> 源于此,我们采访了西南大学、中央民族大学、云南民族大学等多所高校的同学。在长期的和汉族共同生活的日子里,很多少数民族的同学都被汉化了,他们和汉族的同学一样,用鲜花<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:PersonName ProductID="和贺卡帮" w:st="on">和贺卡帮</st1:PersonName>老师庆祝教师节,教师节当天,也会去老师家拜访,谈天说地。而到通信异常发达的今天,短信和<span lang=EN-US>EMAIL</span>代替了鲜花和贺卡,成为了教师节问候的方式。连走访的同学也少了起来。</span></p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #6f350d">
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18.4pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #6f350d"> 不过,还是有一些民族保持着自己民族的特色,遵循着自己民族过教师节的文化。比如:</span></p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #6f350d"></span>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18.4pt" align=center><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black"><o:p><img onload=javascript:resizepic(this) alt="" src="http://bbs.mzsky.cc/data/attachment/forum/old/200709141189736105875.jpg" onload=javascript:resizepic(this) border=0 /></o:p></span></p><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black"><o:p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18.4pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #6f350d"> 一位在拉萨教中学的<strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">藏族</span></strong>的老师提到:在拜师的时候,藏族的学生会为老师献上最崇敬的哈达,而且如果学生是一名僧侣,还会给老师磕头。藏族同胞以其最尊贵的礼节,憨实的表达着对老师尊重。 </span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18.4pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #6f350d"> 就读于云南民族大学的<strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">佤族</span></strong>的女生说,在泼水节的时候,他们会<st1:PersonName ProductID="和" w:st="on">和</st1:PersonName>老师一起祈福新年,并且拿上好肉送给老师。在汉族的习俗里,好像拜师也有过送肉这么一说。</span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18.4pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #6f350d"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #6f350d; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">景颇族</span></strong>的父亲说,逢年过节,会给老师送上竹筒水酒,水酒甘甜,甜进老师心里。</span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18.4pt" align=center><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #6f350d; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><img onload=javascript:resizepic(this) alt="" src="http://bbs.mzsky.cc/data/attachment/forum/old/200709141189736168562.gif" onload=javascript:resizepic(this) border=0 /></span></p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #6f350d; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18.4pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #6f350d"> 这大概跟景颇族的酒文化密切相关,把自己心中最贵重的礼物送给老师,代表了一个民族对老师这一职业的重视。</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18.4pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #6f350d"> 一位<strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">维吾尔族</span></strong>的姑娘这时还唱起自己的民歌,<span lang=EN-US>“</span>老师,你是我们心中的烛光<span lang=EN-US>”</span>。<span lang=EN-US> ……</span></span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18.4pt"><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #6f350d"><a href="http://edu.qq.com/a/20070908/000024_1.htm"></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #6f350d"> <strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">蒙古族</span></strong>的同胞更是豪放热情,直接就是奶茶和肉,热情的邀请老师到家里来做客。一群人围在蒙古包周围载歌载舞,为老师表演精彩的节目。老师跟家人是一样的。</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18.4pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #6f350d"> 大连民族学院<strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">锡伯族</span></strong>的同学见面先问候一句<span lang=EN-US>“</span>百塔库呐!<span lang=EN-US>”</span>说起对老师的尊敬来,提到锡伯族人独特的菜肴<span lang=EN-US>“</span>全羊席<span lang=EN-US>”</span>,锡伯语称为<span lang=EN-US>“</span>莫尔雪克<span lang=EN-US>”</span>,意思是<span lang=EN-US>“</span>碗里盛着的菜肴<span lang=EN-US>”</span>。只有最尊贵的客人来了才会准备的食物,如果有谁家的孩子考出去了,也必定是要请老师吃一顿的。</span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18.4pt" align=center><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #6f350d"></span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black"><o:p><img onload=javascript:resizepic(this) alt="" src="http://bbs.mzsky.cc/data/attachment/forum/old/200709141189736221562.jpg" onload=javascript:resizepic(this) border=0 /></o:p></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18.4pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #6f350d"> 这次中华民族教师节大访问让我们最感触的是民族文化的同化。少数民族原有的习俗和习惯已经逐渐被汉族文化影响替代,对于汉族传统师道文化的理解越来越深刻。尊师重教,成为了各民族的同学从小就成型的意识,根深蒂固。当老师走下圣坛,成为我们的朋友,师道的含义再慢慢改变,尊敬的内容里更多的包含了爱的含义。</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18.4pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #6f350d"> <span lang=EN-US>9</span>月<span lang=EN-US>10</span>日,兴许只是变迁的仪式被固定的一天;<span lang=EN-US>9</span>月<span lang=EN-US>10</span>日,借这一天,我们把各民族的声音汇聚成祝福,对各族的老师道一声:您,辛苦了! </span></p>
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